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December |
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"Saturnus, let slip your fetters and
come hither with December, tipsy on much wine, with Mirth laughing
and with Humor insolent"
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1 Kal Dec
N: KALENDS:
Neptunus, temple restored by Augustus, 32 BCE;
Salacia; Pietati
in the Circus Flaminium (after 101 BCE);
Venus
and Cupid.
Constantius closes the temples, 354 CE. 2 IV Non Dec N: Dies Ater "Who suffers a shipwreck a second time unjustly accuses Neptune" (Publilius Syrus 251). 3 III Non Dec C: Women’s rite of the Bona Dea held in house of a consul or praetor with the Vestal Virgins attending. Feast of Faunus. 4 Prid. Non
Dec C: "Poverty needs little, greed needs it all" (Publius 5 Non Dec F: NONAE: DIE QUINTI TE KALO when the Regina Sacrorum would make a sacrifice to Juno Covella and announce the festivals of the month. Faunalia rustica; pagani offer a kid, wine, and garden flowers to Faunus, dancing then in triple time blessing their herds. 6 VIII Idus Dec. F: Dies Ater "With Saturn’s curved blade pursue and prune the forlorn vine and cut it into shape" (Virgil Georg. II 407). 7 VII Idus Dec. C: Execution of Cicero 43 BCE. Arcadius declares paganism to be high treason and orders all priests imprisoned, 396 CE. "He whom Fate cherishes becomes a fool" (Publius Syrus). 8 VI Idus Dec. C: Gaiae; Tiburnus in Insula; Birth of Q. Horatius Flaccus (Horace), 65 BCE. 9 V Idus Dec. C: OPTALIA: Feast of Ops, goddess of Harvests. Mesonyctium: Vigil of Attys. 10 IV Idus Dec C: Lux Mundi; Tribuni plebis magistratum ineunt (the day the people’s Tribunes took office during the Late Republic. 11 III Idus Dec NP: AGONIA INDIGETI; Bruma, goddess of Winter; Septimontia sacrifice on the Palentine Hill made by the flamen Palatualis; carts drawn by beasts of burden were not allowed in the city on this day. Emperor Julian the Blessed declared religious tolerance and restoration of the culti deorum ex patria, 361 CE. 12 Pridie Idus Dec EN: Consus on the Aventine (273 BCE?), the god of horses celebrated by a parade of riders, their horses decked in flowers, and led by a Rex Equus. 13 NP: IDIBUS: Sementivae sowing festival of Tellus in Carinis (268 BCE). Lectisternium Cereri in Carinis. 14 XIX Kal. Ian F: Dies Ater "By several days will bad and wintry weather often precede the proper date to begin that season, what the Greeks call proceimazein or 'to be an early winter' " (Pliny Nat. Hist. 18.57). 15 XVIII Kal. Ian NP: CONSUALIA; supplicatio to Fortuna Redux. Birth of Nero, 37 BCE. 16 XVII Kal Ian C: "Come now, Antiquity, and compare our festival today to that held for primeval Jove in a golden age, not liberally did the wine flow then, nor the harvest anticipate the tardy year" (Statius I.vi.39-42)." 17 XVI Kal Ian NP: SATURNALIA Feriae, originally a single feastday for the dedication of a temple to Saturnus on the Capitoline Hill in 497 BCE, in 217 BCE the festival was reorganized and expanded. 18 XV Kal Ian C: SATURNALIA Feriae; Epona. "Ausonian swains, a race from Troy derived, make merry with rough rhymes and boistrous mirth" (Virgil Georg. II.385-6) 19 XIV Kal Ian NP: SATURNALIA Feriae; OPALIA; Iuventas at the Circus Maximus (191 BCE). "Saturnus, Great King of ancient starry skies and earth primeval, under Your peaceful reign never was anyone’s tranquility disturbed by labor" (Martial 12.62.1). 20 XIII Kal Ian C: SATURNALIA Feriae; Death of Vitellius, Vespasian declared emperor, 69 CE. 21 X II Kal Ian NP: SATURNALIA Feriae; DIVALIA ANGERONAE: public sacrifice offered in Acculeian Curia 22 XI Kal Ian C: SATURNALIA Feriae; Laribus Permarinis in Porticus Minucia (179 BCE). Feast of Isis, birth of Inanna. 23 X Kal Ian NP: SATURNALIA Feriae; Feriae Iovi; Hercules. LARENTALIA when the flamen Quirinalis performed a parentatio to Acca Larentia and pontifices sacrificed to the Manes Serviles at the tomb of Acca on the Velabrum at the Nova Via outside the Porta Romanula. Diana in the Circus Flaminium (179); Iuno Regina in the Circus Flaminium (179 BCE); Tempestatibus at the Portus Capena(259 BCE). 24 IX Kal Ian C: "Don’t carry fire logs into a forest" (Horace Satires 1.10.34). 25 VIII Kal Ian C: Agon Solis Invicti est. 274 CE, celebrated by 30 chariot races. Mithras natalis. 26 VII Kal Ian C: "A mouse does not rely on a single hole" (Plautus). 27 VI Kal Ian C: "The patient and brave man makes himself happy" (Publilius Syrus 464). 28 V Kal Ian C: "A drop of water may hollow a stone" (Ovid Epistulaeex Ponto 4.10.5). 29 IV Kal Ian C: Compitalia: a rustic celebration at the end of the farming season, it has no fixed date but falls between the end of Saturnalia and the Nones of January. 30 III Kal Ian C: "The careful swain looks keenly forward to the coming year." (Virgil Georg. II) 31 Pridie Kal Ian F: "Just as fragile ice thaws, so will anger disappear over time"(Ovid Ars Amatoria .374). |
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